Climate Change Problems For The Fiji Islands Environmental Sciences Essay

This paper explores the hazards that climate alteration airss to the touristry development in Fiji islands. It shows the inauspicious effects of the altering clime and the dangers pose by the touristry activities and besides pose a major jeopardy for the local people in the part. It besides deals with the unsafe C emanations and CO2 consequence on the landscape, nutrient, H2O, energy. Cardinal words: Pacific, clime alteration, C and CO2 emanations.IntroductionThe Pacific is the world`s largest ocean with a surface country of 175 million sq kilometer and constitutes for 40 % of the planet`s Waterss. Located in the tropical latitudes, it covers more than half the globe`s perimeter. Temperature of the surface H2O in the western tropical parts is ever more than 28 ISC over a deepness of several hundred metres. This makes up the world`s storage of thermic energy for exchange with ambiance. Here the interaction between ambiance and ocean is most utmost and influences the clime non merely regionally but planet-wide. The states of the Pacific are obscured human colonies absorbed in this huge fluid existence. The ocean is the most of import factor commanding the environment and life. Hence any alteration in pelagic conditions and climatic alterations are of import for environment and life ( Philander, 1990 ) . The average clime of a part is defined by the mean conditions observed over 3 decennaries or more, sing all features that makes conditions felt by everyone and predicted by meteorologists. The chief features are temperature, air current conditions, atmospheric force per unit area, cloud screen and rainfall. The south Pacific is bounded by an country of low force per unit area near the equator and high force per unit area around 30 S analogue. North-south force per unit area creates the regular air currents in these two countries known as the south-east trades ( Philander, 1990 ) . Any alteration in earth`s clime has an impact on world, biodiversity, wellness and services provided by ecosystems worldwide. For accommodating to such clime alterations it is necessary to understand fluctuation of clime, why and how the clime alterations, and how it impacts the earth`s ecosystems. Climate manner is an of import manner of understanding clime variableness, alterations and impacts. Earth`s clime is altering and such alterations tend to take topographic point with different forms which may be characterised by one or many manners of the clime systems ( Philander, 1990 ) . Fiji is the largest touristry finish in the south Pacific but international reachings are unstable over the last 5 old ages because of harmful events like political putsch in Fiji in 2000, terrorist onslaughts in United States on 11th September 2001, the Bali onslaught in 2002, and terrible acute respiratory syndrome eruption in Asia in 2003. Tourism is endangered to natural jeopardies and catastrophes like temblors, tsunamis, inundation, drouths, and cyclones. Climate alteration is an of import feature in catastrophe direction as it is likely to impact Fiji through sea degree rise and storm rush, altering temperature and utmost conditions events ( Wilbanks, 2003 ) . About 400,000 tourer visited Fiji in 2002 with an mean length of stay of 8 yearss. While most visitants come for remainder and relaxation linked to beach environments, current selling runs aim to switch the image from pure beach publicity to a wider experience ( Ministry of tourism-Fiji, 2003 ) . The chief purpose of this journal paper is to analyse effects of clime alteration in Fiji islands and accommodating and minimising clime alteration by the tourer resorts. The ground for behind this is that studies and interviews were undertaken ensuing in many operators already prepared for clime related alterations and adapt to possible impacts ensuing in clime alteration.MethodTourism in Fiji is mostly based on resorts therefore adjustment sector is outstanding touristry sub-sector. Tourists spend most of their clip at the resorts. For the above grounds it was appropriate to concentrate on this analysis of adjustment.Effectss of clime alteration on touristry in FijiTourism operators are familiar with ecological factors like strong reefs and plain H2O crucial for touristry in Fiji. Operators were witting of the clime alteration associated impacts like cyclones, the walloping of coral reefs and deluging. Contaminated H2O was related to mounting H2O temperature and clime alteration. I ncreasing sea degrees were mentioned by three concerns, two of which lie in low lying Mamanuca Islands. Generally adjustment concern had experienced at least one of the clime related impact. The most common impacts were eroding, H2O handiness, and break of electricity. Many resorts were affected by cyclones ensuing in coral bleaching and belongings injury ( Short, 2004 ) . Climate related impacts antecedently experienced Frequency out of 25 Remarks by respondents Shore line/beach eroding 9 Banks on border property/beach give manner Decreased H2O handiness 9 In recent drouths Interrupted supply concatenation 8 Power cuts Coral bleaching 8 Noticed by tourers, snorkelling affected Damage to belongings 5 From sea rush Sea degree rise 3–Storm frequence and strength 3 Care of gardens ( Short, 2004 ) . Eight concerns said that they were non affected by any of the factors listed. There are five countries located in the Mamanuca Islands, which are comparatively exposed to climate alteration due to the hazard of cyclones, sea degree rise, hapless H2O quality, vanishing corals, and unequal H2O handiness. There is demand of apprehension of clime alteration jobs and the directors do non portion the jobs faced by clime alteration ( Short, 2004 ) . Tourist adjustment uses big assortment of energy resources with electrical energy created from hydropower or Diesel generator being most of import for energy usage. Petrol and Diesel is use for concern vehicles and other intents. Besides liquefied crude oil gas is used by most concerns largely for cookery, hot H2O and in wash. Energy use and nursery gas emanations differ loosely for diverse concerns. The criterion of adjustment and geographical location are the two factors that have major influence on energy ingestion and carbon-dioxide emanations ( Becken, 2002 ) . Tourist adjustment in the Mamanuca Islands is about 2-3 times every bit carbon-intensive as that in Viti Levu. The key cause for this is in electricity coevals, which is to a great extent less carbon-intensive in Viti Levu. Because of the high measure of renewable energy beginnings ( hydro and bagasse ) compared with Diesel production on islands with its natural insufficiency ( about 65-70 % of energy input is lost during the procedure of coevals ) . Resorts on distant islands run more or less self-sufficiently, and therefore have auxiliary energy demands ( e.g. , sewerage intervention, stop deading trash ) . Transport energy use is besides high given that non merely do tourers hold to be transported to and from the resort, but so besides do nutrient supplies, energy ( Diesel and gas ) , H2O and other devices required for runing the resort ( Becken, 2002 ) . The unsmooth executable estimation is obtained of energy usage and C monoxide emanations related with touristry for the Fiji. The entire figure of visitor darks spent in Fiji was 2,891,295 in 2002 ( Department of energy, 2003 ) . 82 % of visitor-nights were spent in hotels, 13 % in backpacker/budget adjustment, and the staying darks were being spent in motels, on boats or in other signifiers of commercial and non-commercial adjustment. Total energy used due to tourist adjustment was calculated at 1,078,373,475 MJ per annum which is tantamount to national energy usage of 6.5 % . in footings of C monoxide the adjustment industry emits 68,219 metric tons per annum. ( Department of energy, 2003 ) Tourism in Fiji is highly exposed to climate alteration related jeopardies such as cyclones, deluging and storms, sea degree rise, eroding, conveyance and communicating break, and momently less H2O handiness. Another most of import apprehensiveness for the touristry industry is the want of natural systems, such as coral reefs and forest ecosystems, farther exasperated by clime alteration. Tourism concerns in common are affected in the signifier of physical harm from a cyclone or storm rush, eroding, and coral bleaching. In malice of the high hazard linked with tourer installations built on the waterfront, most new developments spotlight on coastal countries. Mangroves are been cut down in big graduated table who in bend Acts of the Apostless like a protection against clime related alterations ( Jones, 2003 ) . Tourist adjustment suppliers adapt to climatic conditions that may impact their concern, and in making so they are besides prepared for impacts that may ensue from a altering clime. Typically, operators focus on comparatively concrete and foreseeable bad impacts, such as cyclones and storm rushs, for illustration by cyclone-proofing their constructions and raising breakwaters. A figure of adjustment suppliers have insurance screen against cyclones and storm rushs. By and large, it seems that the hazard of accumulative impacts or more abstract impacts are less recognized and addressed. Pollution control, sewerage intervention, and H2O direction are illustrations of this. The exposure to extreme climate-related events can be reduced when clime alteration version is integrated in the development procedure from the earliest phases ( Jones, 2003 ) . The exact location of the development and design such as constructing stuff, orientation, constructions and landscaping aids in cut downing the exposure. There is a chance to alter touristry development in at finishs less vulnerable to climate alteration, with current efforts to diversifying Fiji`s touristry merchandise in relation to ecotourism. New and alone touristry merchandises can be developed in Fiji on high land countries utilizing Nipponese construct of shakkei ( borrowed landscape ) , where hotel layout, garden landscape gardening and scenery are assorted together into an overall experience of ecosystem that is different from the typical beachfront ( Ayala, 1995 ) . A figure of nursery gas moderateness processs are in topographic point such as accommodating generator sizes, exchanging off visible radiations, energy efficient visible radiation bulbs and solar hot H2O. There is a immense potency for solar energy and wind-generated power particularly on the Coral Coast, the Mamanuca Islands, and Sonasavu, these engineerings are taken up easy, inhibited by deficiency of cognition, capital, capacity and authorities inducements. Often, the energy demand of a individual tourer resort is excessively little to warrant investing in a air current turbine. The policy focal point and involvements of resort operators in Fiji are development-driven, although there is a strong acknowledgment of the construct of sustainable development. Climate alteration is chiefly seen from the position of touristry ‘s exposure and version. Extenuation seems to be less pressing, although in the average term increasing nursery gas emanations ( e.g. , as a consequence of i ncreasing tourer reachings ) could sabotage Fiji ‘s credibleness in international dialogues on clime alteration. The above order of Government and industry precedences has to be recognised when seeking to implement any climate-change-related steps ( Ayala, 1995 ) . Climate alteration can be assorted with sustainable development by placing cardinal jobs and so associating those to climate alteration. In the instance of Fiji touristry these major local jobs are land usage issues, old stock adjustment, deficiency of new capital and investing, limited air capacity, dependance on air travel, economic escape, deficiency of alone merchandising point, environment debasement and political instability ( Narayan, 2000 ) . Environmental jobs like pollution, deforestation and inordinate usage of resources are to be considered. Potential issues in add-on to these jobs are more likely to be funded by giver bureaus, stakeholders and industry members ( Hay et al. , 2003 ) . Acknowledging co-benefits of clime alteration policies is every bit of import as its consequence, for illustration, heavy usage of air conditioning leads to increase in nursery gas emanations or the resettlement of sand adds to local environmental impacts. Future work would necessitate to take into history technological and economic facets, every bit good as the expected sum of decreased or increased nursery gas emanations ( Dang et al. , 2003 ) . Energy is a major cost driver for the operation of a touristry adjustment concern, particularly when energy is derived from fossil fuels either for conveyance or electricity coevals. The operation of Diesel generators is dearly-won, because of inefficiencies, transit costs ( diesel cargo ) , care, and wages for powerhouse staff. Therefore, directors have an economic involvement in maintaining electricity ingestion depression. The Southern Cross with Diesel generators, nevertheless, is that one time a generator is purchased, the optimal scope of electricity coevals is determined at approximately 80 % of the maximal public presentation. Mini hydropower strategies are less relevant for coastal resorts, but could be an option for touristry ventures operated in inland communities ( referred to as ecotourism operators by the Fiji Ministry of Tourism and Visitor Bureau ) . The capital costs are really high, nevertheless, and accordingly the consumption is minimum. The Department of Energy p resently assesses possible sites for mini hydropower strategies, and it is besides researching possible for geothermic electricity coevals on Vanua Levu, the 2nd largest island of Fiji. Wind energy is non widely used in Fiji, but the Coral Coast, Mamanuca Islands, and Sonasavu are assuring locations for wind-powered coevals. Wind energy systems are available at different graduated tables, runing from little 1-kW 1s to 100-700 kilowatt strategies ( medium graduated table ) , or even larger 1s ( UNEP, 2003 ) . Tourist resorts would necessitate small- to medium-scale air current systems if they want to run into their whole electricity demand by wind power. Small islands are improbable to raise air current turbines because of deficiency of infinite and noise pollution. Resorts on larger countries are in a better place to prosecute wind energy. No renewable energy beginnings are presently earnestly discussed for conveyance, although one resort looked into wind-driven boats, and there are geographic expeditions into replacing fossil fuel with bio-fuel, for illustration derived from coconut ( copra ) oil ( Sopac, 2004 ) .Stairss to minimise the consequence of clime alteration in FijiReforestation is the most of import agencies of cut downing clime alteration. Trees minimizes vulnerable nature of cyclones, better microclimate and enhances landscapes which are used in touristry activities. Trees cut down C content in the air and are utile in adaptative steps like eroding control and watershed direction. Forest protection and plantation should be done under adaptation policies. Developing little graduated table engineerings for air current and solar energy on the distant island would assist cut down the dependence on imported dodo fuel and economic escape ( Dang et al. , 2003 ) . Adaptation Impact on extenuation Impact on environment Tree plantation Reduces net CO2 emanations through C sinks Benefits biodiversity, H2O direction, dirts Water preservation Reduces energy costs for providing H2O Positive in countries where H2O is limited Renewable natural resources Reduces CO2 emanations Overall, less fouling than fossil fuels Natural edifice stuffs Small C footmark for locally produced stuffs Depends on sustainability of plantations Reducing H2O pollution Increased energy used for sewerage intervention Positive for coral reefs and marine life Marine protection Impersonal Positive for Marine biodiversity Rain H2O aggregation Saves transport energy for providing H2O Possibly interrupts the natural H2O rhythm Guest instruction Impersonal Additions consciousness Puting back constructions Impersonal Positive when constructions built off from beachfront Diversifying markets Positive if markets are eco-efficient Depends on environmental impacts of new markets Weather proofing tourer activities Depends on the type of activities Depends on the type of activities Water desalination High energy costs Returns force per unit area off fresh water resources Increasing beach conditioning Additions CO2 emanations Air pollution in instance of Diesel coevals Beach nutriment Energy usage for excavation and transit Disturbs eco systems Reducing beach eroding with sea walls Impersonal Disturbs natural currents and cause eroding ( Dang et al. , 2003 ) . There is no common scheme to turn to interactions between clime alteration and touristry in Fiji, nor is at that place a sector-wide industry association that could advance any climate-change-related enterprises. However, there are stray illustrations among industry members that reveal a high apprehension and advanced usage of engineering and direction to turn to climatically unfavorable conditions. Those operators are besides best prepared for increased hazards ensuing from clime alteration. Besides, a figure of operators engage in wider environmental direction, energy preservation, and hence climate alteration extenuation, although the nursery gas emanation facet is seldom the ground for the mitigating steps undertaken Overall, there is a demand for tourism-specific information on what clime alteration is, how it will impact touristry, and what operators could make to accommodate and extenuate. In the medium term it would besides be of import to include climate alteration in the course of study of third instruction for pupils in the field of touristry, resource direction technology and architecture. Since the range and costs for many version and extenuation steps are mostly determined by the design of tourer installations, the incorporation of these facets into architectural classs is peculiarly of import. Alongside information and instruction enterprises, the Government could help concerns in set abouting energy audits, easing the execution of Environmental Management Systems ( e.g. , Green Globe 21 ) , and supplying inducements, for illustration for the consumption of renewable energy beginnings. Climate alteration could organize portion of a wider hazard direction program for touristry. Such an enterprise is presently being discussed between the Ministry of Tourism and the Disaster Management Office. A two-level attack could be possible, where guidelines are provided for touristry operators to develop their ain hazard or catastrophe direction program at the concern degree, while Government screens wider issues beyond single concerns, such as touristry substructure and larger emptying programs. The current effort by the Fiji Visitor Bureau to diversify the merchandise could be seen as portion of national-level hazard direction, as they attempt to distribute hazard across different markets ( e.g. , event touristry, athletics touristry, nature touristry ) and seasons. Fewer enterprises exist to weather-proof touristry, as suggested for touristry in Phuket, Thailand ( Raksakulthai, 2003 ) . Another of import measure towards implementing a nation-wide hazard direction scheme for touristry and clime alteration would be the function of all touristry substructure, every bit good as the hazard of assorted jeopardies in different locations. The Department of Environment in their clime alteration policy or the Ministry of Tourism in their hazard direction program are best advised to prosecute steps that offer win-win state of affairss, viz. for version, extenuation, wider environmental direction and development. Examples of such steps are re-afforestation, H2O preservation, and the usage of renewable energy beginnings. It is recommended that the synergisms between version, extenuation, and sustainable development be explored farther and that the effects be quantified where possible ; i.e. , how much C can be saved as a consequence of a peculiar step and what costs are involved. This is even more of import given the deficiency of resources in Fiji, which requires maximizing benefits from any enforced step ( Dang et al. , 2003 ) . Reducing the ingestion of hot H2O for wash and showers and cut downing the H2O temperature are salvaging steps. Other energy usage decreases steps in adjustment are illuming, including energy efficient visible radiation bulbs, detector lighting in the garden, solar panel visible radiations, and room keys used to run visible radiations inside the room. Although energy efficient bulbs are good option they are expensive and do non last long because of the fluctuating supply of power from generators. In the smaller islands the energy costs of transporting are higher, so the directors tend to increase the ship burden with riders on board with nutrient, waste or H2O. One manner of salvaging fuel is to minimise transportation trips. The addition in planetary average temperature to 2 grades above pre-industrial degrees is necessary to maintain the hazard of unsafe clime alteration at an acceptable degree and to restrict clime impacts. Temperatures increase certain degree of atmospheric concentration. The consequences indicate that in order to hold a good opportunity of restricting planetary mean temperature in the long tally to 2 grades atmospheric concentration of all nursery gases needs to be stabilised. Intergovernmental policy on clime alteration i.e. IPCC indicates that maintaining concentration in the scope of 445-490 ppm requires planetary emanations to top out by 2015, and to fall by between 50-85 % by 2050. Current tendencies would ensue in much higher concentrations and high hazards of ruinous clime alteration. The clean development mechanism means to do conformity with easier mark committednesss, the Kyoto Protocol allows utilizing offset credits from emanations decrease undertakings in developing states, under the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) . Governments can suggest and implement emanations decreases on a project-by-project footing under CDM. The ensuing credits are bought by authoritiess that are under emanations decrease duties. Large undertakings classs are renewable energy chiefly utilizing hydropower alternatively of fossil fuels, decrease of methane emanations from landfills and coal mines, emanations from cement production, and devastation of powerful industrial gases. There were over three 1000s CDM undertakings underway in may 2008, which, is implemented and approved, would give expected emanations decreases of 2.5 billion dozenss of C dioxide. The Asian Pacific part histories for 80 per cent of the CDM credits that expected to be generated. The World Bank cites supply e stimations of 1.4 to 2.2 billion credits by 2012Decisions and recommendationsGlobal concern over clime alteration impacts and hazards has increased greatly in recent times, and clime alteration is recognised non merely an environmental challenge but besides an economic challenge. The Pacific part is home to the fast growth, big economic systems in the universe and the dominant beginning of growing in nursery gas emanations. To restrict and cut down emanations action is required in developing states. There is big figure of chances to cut down emanations but most of these are expensive and can non be implemented unless policy scenes change. More ambitious policies will be needed to turn emanation tendencies around in developing and developed states. The international kineticss are of the reciprocally reenforcing type: one country`s action depends on other states making their spot. The more states commit to important policies, the easier it will go to pull others in. In contrast, if so me states refuse to take portion in corporate action, others will besides decline to make so. An effectual response to planetary clime alteration will necessitate to affect bilateral trade or many-sided understanding. Large and medium sized economic systems will necessitate to be a portion of it. For an understanding to win, the door must be kept broad unfastened for developing states to prosecute to the full in policies, with the support of high income states. Climate alteration analysts predict that within the coming decennaries, sea degree will lift bit by bit. So the impacting state might hold begun placing the effects of clime alteration on touristry activities and overall people populating in that part. Small islands are at hazard to accommodate to the inauspicious affects of clime alteration because of high costs every bit good as benefits. Not merely merely people but alone human civilizations are besides at high hazard. Migration is another option for local people but once more the cost factor is important, as most of these people are illiterate and unemployed. They will hold to relocate unwillingly. Survival is the chief concern in this instance. It is besides extremely impossible for any recipient state to allow refuge to an full state. The larger impact of clime alteration will dispute the capacity of the state. The secondary impacts will be H2O scarceness, nutrient security, wellness services, land scarceness. At some point man y land countries will go incapable of prolonging life and people will be forced to migrate.

Foundation and Empire 13. Leutenant And Clown

If, from a distance of seven thousand parsecs, the fall of Kalgan to the armies of the Mule had produced reverberations that had excited the curiosity of an old Trader, the apprehension of a dogged captain, and the annoyance of a meticulous mayor – to those on Kalgan itself, it produced nothing and excited no one. It is the invariable lesson to humanity that distance in time, and in space as well, lends focus. It is not recorded, incidentally, that the lesson has ever been permanently learned. Kalgan was – Kalgan. It alone of all that quadrant of the Galaxy seemed not to know that the Empire had fallen, that the Stannells no longer ruled, that greatness had departed, and peace had disappeared. Kalgan was the luxury world. With the edifice of mankind crumbling, it maintained its integrity as a producer of pleasure, a buyer of gold and a seller of leisure. It escaped the harsher vicissitudes of history, for what conqueror would destroy or even seriously damage a world so full of the ready cash that would buy immunity. Yet even Kalgan had finally become the headquarters of a warlord and its softness had been tempered to the exigencies of war. Its tamed jungles, its mildly modeled shores, and its garishly glamorous cities echoed to the march of imported mercenaries and impressed citizens. The worlds of its province had been armed and its money invested in battleships rather than bribes for the first time in its history. Its ruler proved beyond doubt that he was determined to defend what was his and eager to seize what was others. He was a great one of the Galaxy, a war and peace maker, a builder of Empire, an establisher of dynasty. And an unknown with a ridiculous nickname had taken him – and his arms – and his budding Empire – and had not even fought a battle. So Kalgan was as before, and its uniformed citizens hurried back to their older life, while the foreign professionals of war merged easily into the newer bands that descended. Again as always, there were the elaborate luxury hunts for the cultivated animal life of the jungles that never took human life; and the speedster bird-chases in the air above, that was fatal only to the Great Birds. In the cities, the escapers of the Galaxy could take their varieties of pleasure to suit their purse, from the ethereal sky-palaces of spectacle and fantasy that opened their doors to the masses at the jingle of half a credit, to the unmarked, unnoted haunts to which only those of great wealth were of the cognoscenti. To the vast flood, Toran and Bayta added not even a trickle. They registered their ship in the huge common hangar on the East Peninsula, and gravitated to that compromise of the middle-classes, the Inland Sea-where the pleasures were yet legal, and even respectable, and the crowds not yet beyond endurance. Bayta wore dark glasses against the light, and a thin, white robe against the heat. Warm-tinted arms, scarcely the goldener for the sun, clasped her knees to her, and she stared with firm, abstracted gaze at the length of her husband's outstretched body – almost shimmering in the brilliance of white sun-splendor. â€Å"Don't overdo it,† she had said at first, but Toran was of a dying-red star, Despite three years of the Foundation, sunlight was a luxury, and for four days now his skin, treated beforehand for ray resistance, had not felt the harshness of clothing, except for the brief shorts. Bayta huddled close to him on the sand and they spoke in whispers. Toran's voice was gloomy, as it drifted upwards from a relaxed face, â€Å"No, I admit we're nowhere. But where is he? Who is he? This mad world says nothing of him. Perhaps he doesn't exist.† â€Å"He exists,† replied Bayta, with lips that didn't move. â€Å"He's clever, that's all. And your uncle is right. He's a man we could use – if there's time.† A short pause. Toran whispered, â€Å"Know what I've been doing, Bay? I'm just daydreaming myself into a sun-stupor. Things figure themselves out so neatly – so sweetly.† His voice nearly trailed off, then returned, â€Å"Remember the way Dr. Amann talked back at college, Bay. The Foundation can never lose, but that does not mean the rulers of the Foundation can't. Didn't the real history of the Foundation begin when Salvor Hardin kicked out the Encyclopedists and took over the planet Terminus as the first mayor? And then in the next century, didn't Hober Mallow gain power by methods almost as drastic? That's twice the rulers were defeated, so it can be done. So why not by us?† â€Å"It's the oldest argument in the books. Torie. What a waste of good reverie.† â€Å"Is it? Follow it out. What's Haven? Isn't it part of the Foundation? If we become top dog, it's still the Foundation winning, and only the current rulers losing.† â€Å"Lots of difference between ‘we can' and ‘we will.' You're just jabbering.† Toran squirmed. â€Å"Nuts, Bay, you're just in one of your sour, green moods. What do you want to spoil my fun for? I'll just go to sleep if you don't mind.† But Bayta was craning her head, and suddenly – quite a non sequitur – she giggled, and removed her glasses to look down the beach with only her palm shading her eyes. Toran looked up, then lifted and twisted his shoulders to follow her glance. Apparently, she was watching a spindly figure, feet in air, who teetered on his hands for the amusement of a haphazard crowd. It was one of the swarming acrobatic beggars of the shore, whose supple joints bent and snapped for the sake of the thrown coins. A beach guard was motioning him on his way and with a surprising one-handed balance, the clown brought a thumb to his nose in an upside-down gesture. The guard advanced threateningly and reeled backward with a foot in his stomach. The clown righted himself without interrupting the motion of the initial kick and was away, while the frothing guard was held off by a thoroughly unsympathetic crowd. The clown made his way raggedly down the beach. He brushed past many, hesitated often, stopped nowhere. The original crowd had dispersed. The guard had departed. â€Å"He's a queer fellow,† said Bayta, with amusement, and Toran agreed indifferently. The clown was close enough now to be seen clearly. His thin face drew together in front into a nose of generous planes and fleshy tip that seemed all but prehensile. His long, lean limbs and spidery body, accentuated by his costume, moved easily and with grace, but with just a suggestion of having been thrown together at random. To look was to smile. The clown seemed suddenly aware of their regard, for he stopped after he had passed, and, with a sharp turn, approached. His large, brown eyes fastened upon Bayta. She found herself disconcerted. The clown smiled, but it only saddened his beaked face, and when he spoke it was with the soft, elaborate phrasing of the Central Sectors. â€Å"Were I to use the wits the good Spirits gave me,† he said, â€Å"then I would say this lady can not exist – for what sane man would hold a dream to be reality. Yet rather would I not be sane and lend belief to charmed, enchanted eyes.† Bayta's own eyes opened wide. She said, â€Å"Wow!† Toran laughed, â€Å"Oh, you enchantress. Go ahead, Bay, that deserves a five-credit piece. Let him have it.† But the clown was forward with a jump. â€Å"No, my lady, mistake me not. I spoke for money not at all, but for bright eyes and sweet face.† â€Å"Well, thanks,† then, to Toran, â€Å"Golly, you think the sun's in his eyes?† â€Å"Yet not alone for eyes and face,† babbled the clown, as his words hurled past each other in heightened frenzy, â€Å"but also for a mind, clear and sturdy – and kind as well.† Toran rose to his feet, reached for the white robe he had crooked his arm about for four days, and slipped into it. â€Å"Now, bud,† he said, â€Å"suppose you tell me what you want, and stop annoying the lady.† The clown fell back a frightened step, his meager body cringing. â€Å"Now, sure I meant no harm. I am a stranger here, and it's been said I am of addled wits; yet there is something in a face that I can read. Behind this lady's fairness, there is a heart that's kind, and that would help me in my trouble for all I speak so boldly.† â€Å"Will five credits cure your trouble?† said Toran, dryly, and held out the coin. But the clown did not move to take it, and Bayta said, â€Å"Let me talk to him, Torie,† She added swiftly, and in an undertone, â€Å"There's no use being annoyed at his silly way of talking. That's just his dialect; and our speech is probably as strange to him.† She said, â€Å"What is your trouble? You're not worried about the guard, are you? He won't bother you.† â€Å"Oh, no, not he. He's but a windlet that blows the dust about my ankles. There is another that I flee, and he is a storm that sweeps the worlds aside and throws them plunging at each other. A week ago, I ran away, have slept in city streets, and hid in city crowds. I've looked in many faces for help in need. I find it here.† He repeated the last phrase in softer, anxious tones, and his large eyes were troubled, â€Å"I find it here.† â€Å"Now,† said Bayta, reasonably, â€Å"I would like to help, but really, friend, I'm no protection against a world-sweeping storm. To be truthful about it, I could use-â€Å" There was an uplifted, powerful voice that bore down upon them. â€Å"Now, then, you mud-spawned rascal-† It was the beach guard, with a fire-red face, and snarling mouth, that approached at a run. He pointed with his low-power stun pistol. â€Å"Hold him, you two. Don't let him get away.† His heavy hand fell upon the clown's thin shoulder, so that a whimper was squeezed out of him. Toran said, â€Å"What's he done?† â€Å"What's he done? What's he done? Well, now, that's good!† The guard reached inside the dangling pocket attached to his belt, and removed a purple handkerchief, with which he mopped his bare neck. He said with relish. â€Å"I'll tell you what he's done. He's run away. The word's all over Kalgan and I would have recognized him before this if he had been on his feet instead of on his hawkface top.† And he rattled his prey in a fierce good humor. Bayta said with a smile, â€Å"Now where did he escape from, sir?† The guard raised his voice. A crowd was gathering, popeyed and jabbering, and with the increase of audience, the guard's sense of importance increased in direct ratio. â€Å"Where did he escape from?† he declaimed in high sarcasm. â€Å"Why, I suppose you've heard of the Mule, now.† All jabbering stopped, and Bayta felt a sudden iciness trickle down into her stomach. The clown had eyes only for her-he still quivered in the guard's brawny grasp. â€Å"And who,† continued the guard heavily, â€Å"would this infernal ragged piece be, but his lordship's own court fool who's run away.† He jarred his captive with a massive shake, â€Å"Do you admit it, fool?† There was only white fear for answer, and the soundless sibilance of Bayta's voice close to Toran's ear. Toran stepped forward to the guard in friendly fashion, â€Å"Now, my man, suppose you take your hand away for just a while. This entertainer you hold has been dancing for us and has not yet danced out his fee.† â€Å"Here!† The guard's voice rose in sudden concern. â€Å"There's a reward-â€Å" â€Å"You'll have it, if you can prove he's the man you want. Suppose you withdraw till then. You know that you're interfering with a guest, which could be serious for you.† â€Å"But you're interfering with his lordship and that will be serious for you.† He shook the clown once again. â€Å"Return the man's fee, carrion.† Toran's hand moved quickly and the guard's stun pistol was wrenched away with half a finger nearly following it. The guard howled his pain and rage. Toran shoved him violently aside, and the clown, unhanded, scuttled behind him. The crowd, whose fringes were now lost to the eye, paid little attention to the latest development. There was among them a craning of necks, and a centrifugal motion as if many had decided to increase their distance from the center of activity. Then there was a bustle, and a rough order in the distance. A corridor formed itself and two men strode through, electric whips in careless readiness. Upon each purple blouse was designed an angular shaft of lightning with a splitting planet underneath. A dark giant, in lieutenant's uniform, followed them; dark of skin, and hair, and scowl. The dark man spoke with the dangerous softness that meant he had little need of shouting to enforce his whims. He said, â€Å"Are you the man who notified us?† The guard was still holding his wrenched hand, and with a pain-distorted face mumbled, â€Å"I claim the reward, your mightiness, and I accuse that man-â€Å" â€Å"You'll get your reward,† said the lieutenant, without looking at him. He motioned curtly to his men, â€Å"Take him.† Toran felt the clown tearing at his robe with a maddened grip. He raised his voice and kept it from shaking, â€Å"I'm sorry, lieutenant; this man is mine.† The soldiers took the statement without blinking. One raised his whip casually, but the lieutenant's snapped order brought it down. His dark mightiness swung forward and planted his square body before Toran, â€Å"Who are you?† And the answer rang out, â€Å"A citizen of the Foundation.† It worked-with the crowd, at any rate. The pent-up silence broke into an intense hum. The Mule's name might excite fear, but it was, after all, a new name and scarcely stuck as deeply in the vitals as the old one of the Foundation – that had destroyed the Empire – and the fear of which ruled a quadrant of the Galaxy with ruthless despotism. The lieutenant kept face. He said, â€Å"Are you aware of the identity of the man behind you?† â€Å"I have been told he's a runaway from the court of your leader, but my only sure knowledge is that he is a friend of mine. You'll need firm proof of his identity to take him.† There were high-pitched sighs from the crowd, but the lieutenant let it pass. â€Å"Have you your papers of Foundation citizenship with you?† â€Å"At my ship.† â€Å"You realize that your actions are illegal? I can have you shot.† â€Å"Undoubtedly. But then you would have shot a Foundation citizen and it is quite likely that your body would be sent to the Foundation – quartered – as part compensation. It's been done by other warlords.† The lieutenant wet his lips. The statement was true. He said, â€Å"Your name?† Toran followed up his advantage, â€Å"I will answer further questions at my ship. You can get the cell number at the Hangar; it is registered under the name ‘Bayta'.† â€Å"You won't give up the runaway?† â€Å"To the Mule, perhaps. Send your master!† The conversation had degenerated to a whisper and the lieutenant turned sharply away. â€Å"Disperse the crowd!† he said to his men, with suppressed ferocity. The electric whips rose and fell. There were shrieks and a vast surge of separation and flight. Toran interrupted his reverie only once on their way back to the Hangar. He said, almost to himself, â€Å"Galaxy, Bay, what a time I had! I was so scared-â€Å" â€Å"Yes,† she said, with a voice that still shook, and eyes that still showed something akin to worship, â€Å"it was quite out of character.† â€Å"Well, I still don't know what happened. I just got up there with a stun pistol that I wasn't even sure I knew how to use, and talked back to him. I don't know why I did it.† He looked across the aisle of the short-run air vessel that was carrying them out of the beach area, to the seat on which the Mule's clown scrunched up in sleep, and added distastefully, â€Å"It was the hardest thing I've ever done.† The lieutenant stood respectfully before the colonel of the garrison, and the colonel looked at him and said, â€Å"Well done. Your part's over now.† But the lieutenant did not retire immediately. He said darkly, â€Å"The Mule has lost face before a mob, sir. It will be necessary to undertake disciplinary action to restore proper atmosphere of respect.† â€Å"Those measures have already been taken.† The lieutenant half turned, then, almost with resentment, â€Å"I'm willing to agree, sir, that orders are orders, but standing before that man with his stun pistol and swallowing his insolence whole, was the hardest thing I've ever done.†

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